During July 2025, days remained warm over several parts of the Ethiopian lowlands, such as, Somali and Afar regions (Fig. 3.1.2). Specifically, the extreme maximum temperature values were as high as 45.8, 45, 42.5, 41.5, 40.4, 40, 39, 39, 38.8, 37.6 Elidar, Semera, Awash Arba, Aysha, Metehara (NMSA), Dalifagi, Chifra, Gode, Dire Dawa, and Kibridahar stations, respectively (Table 3.1.1).On the other hand, the extreme minimum temperature values of below 7.5°C were recorded in some highland areas of Amhara, Central Ethiopia, and Tigray regions (Fig. 3.1.1). Specifically, the extreme minimum temperature values 3.5, 5, 5, 5.2, 5.4, 7.3, and 7.5 for Debre Zeit, Alemketema, Amba Mariam, Amdework, Bui, Nefasmewuch and Sholagebeya stations, respectively (Table 3.1.2).

July is one of the months of the main rainy season, Kiremt (JJAS), for most parts of the country. The mean monthly rainfall amount exceeds 370 mm in the northern, western, and central parts of the country. During July 2025, the monthly rainfall amount exceeded 370 mm, or heavier rainfall was occurring over Amhara, Tigray, Gambela, Benshangul Giumz, Central Ethiopia, South West Ethiopia, and Western and Central Oromia regions (Fig. 3.2.1). The daily rainfall of more than 60mm was observed over Gambela, Limugenet, Nazareth, Awash Arba, Aman, Sekoru, Fugnuido, Fiche, and Bahir Dar Met.Adigrat, Nura-Era, Bedelle stations (Table 3.2.1).

Overall, the total rainfall in July 2025 was below normal in Afar, most of the Somalia region, south and southeast Oromia, and southern parts of the region, while most of the Amhara region, Benishangul-Gumuz, western Oromia, and parts of Gambela, as well as central and northern sections of South-Southwest Ethiopia, received above-normal rainfall. Normal rainfall was observed in western and eastern Tigray, some areas of Amhara, north and south Afar, western Benishangul-Gumuz, most parts of Gambela, east Oromia, and northwestern parts of the southern regions.