During December 2025, days were remained warm over several portions of lowlands of Ethiopia, in particularly over Afar, Somalia, Gambella, Benishangul Gumuz and some pocket areas of Amhara, and some parts of Oromia regions (Fig.3.1.1). Specifically, the extreme maximum temperature values were as high as 41.7, 39.6, 39, 38.5, 38, 38, 36.8, 36.6, 36, 36, and 41.7 over, Metema, Elidar, Gode, Fugnuido, Asha, Gambella, Gewane, Awash Arba, Kibridahar, Konso, and Metema, respectively .

During December 2025, the monthly rainfall amount exceeded 70 mm or heavier rainfall was occurring over South Ethiopia, South West Ethiopia, and SNNP, western and eastern Oromia regions. In particular, the monthly total rainfall values of December 2025 were as high as 161.2, 119.9, 114.2, 113.6, 89, 80.3, 79, 76.5, 76.1, 74.9, 70.6, and 70.5 in mm over Jinka, Aman, Jimma, Gatira, Sawula, Konso, Majji, Limugenet, Wolaita Sodo, Imdiber, Bilate, and Bati, respectively. The daily rainfall values of more than 30 mm were as high as 59.2, 54, 50.4, 48.8, 48, 45, 43.8, 40.7 observed over Jimma, Limugenet. Masha.Jinka, , Jara, Awassa, Arba Minch, and Deberemarkos respectively .

In general, the monthly total rainfall amount of December 2025 was below normal in eastern Somali, southern and central Afar, most of Benishangul Gumuz ,and Gambela and , Tigray central Oromia .on the other hand normal rainfall amount were at east-west Amhara central and southern Afar most of Oromia central and western Somalia eastern- western SNNP, and Northern parts of Gamble. Finally the rainfall was above normal in pocket areas of Amhara, Southern Benishangul Gumuz, eastern Oromia, and southe