During October 2025, days remained warm over some portions of Ethiopia, particularly over most of Afar, Somalia Gambela western Amhara, southern and central Oromia, and central western and southern parts of SNNP regions (Fig. 3.1.2). Specifically, the extreme maximum temperature values were as high as 3, 3, 37, 37.5, 37.8, 38.4., 39.8, 40.5, and 42.6 OC over Kibridahar, Dalifagi, Metehara (NMSA), Awash Arba, Metema, Gode, Gewane, Aysha, and Semera respectively (Table 3.1.1).

Normally, October is one of the months of the dryer season of Bega (ONDJ) for most parts of the country except the southern southeast and southwestern. The total monthly rainfall amount exceeds 250 mm in some areas of western southeastern Ethiopia.

In particular, the monthly total rainfall values of October 2024 were as high as 258, 272.8. 294.4, 305.2, 309.4, 351.4, and 363.7 mm over, Caging, Chaka, Gore, Bore, Arejo, Bure, and Bullen (Tables 3.2.2).

In general, the monthly total rainfall amount of October 2025 was below normal over most of Afar and, eastern and central oromia western and north Somalia southern Tigray , and pocket areas of Benishangul gumuz On the other hand, it was above normal in most of Gambella ,eastern Benishangul Gumuz, western Gmbela, western Oromia western, Oromia and some pocket areas of Somalia , Tigray , Amhara finally Normal rainfall condition was experiance4d over most of eastern Somalia central Oromia western SNNP and some poke tares of Gambela region (Fig. 3.2.2).

Most parts of the Oromia, western Somalia south and northern afar, western Tigray, central and southeast and north western Amhara central and eastern Benishangul , pocket areas Gambela, and Oromia region southern and most of SNNP, were dryer than October climatological normal rainfall the other areas was wetter than October climatological normal rainfall (Fig. 3.2.2)