During November 2025, days were remained warm over several portions of lowlands of Ethiopia, in particularly over Afar, Somalia, Gambella, Benishangul Gumuz and some pocket areas of Amhara, and some parts of oromia regions (Fig.3.1.2). Specifically, the extreme maximum temperature values were as high as 37.4, 37.5, 37.5, 38, 38, 39.4, 40, 40.7, and 43.8°C over, Gode, Awash Arba, Metehara (NMSA), Gambella, Semera, Gewane, Lare, Metema, Elidar, respectively . During November 2025, the monthly rainfall amount exceeded 70 mm or heavier rainfall was occurring over South Ethiopia, South West Ethiopia, Gambella, western and eastern Oromia regions. In particular, the monthly total rainfall values of November 2025 were as high as 135.7, 101.6, 84.8, 81.2, 80.4, 76.8, 72.3, and 71.7 IN mm over Assossa, Majji, Gidaayana, Adet, Sawula,, Fugnuido, Bure, and Masha, respectively. The daily rainfall values of more than 30 mm were observed over 54.2, 50.8, 39.2, 36, 32.8, 32, 31.5, 30.6 .

In general, the monthly total rainfall amount of November 2025 was below normal in Somali, Afar, eastern and enteral. Most of Amhara and southern parts of SNNP on the on the other hand normal rainfall amount were at pocket areas of Amara central Benishangul Gumuz central Oromia and Northern parts of SNNP .Finally the rainfall was above normal in pocket areas of Amhara, Southern Benihangul Gumuz, most of Gambela eastern Oromia and SNNP regions . During November 2025 most of Afar, Tigray, Amhara, and central parts of eastern Somalia some parts of Benishangul Gumuz and Gambela and north parts of SNNP rainfall wetter than November 2024. On the other hand, pocket areas of Tigray, Amhara central and eastern Benishangul Gmuz most of Somalia southern SNNP, northsouth Gambela November 2025 was Wetter than November 2024 rainfall (